List of all sections and keywords

active atoms

To specify active atom regions the active atoms section is required.

Keywords

selection type: [string]

Keyword to give the type of atom selection. Required keyword.

Valid keyword values are:

  • list A list of atoms will be given

  • range A range of atoms will be given

  • central atom A central atom and a radius will be given

[method string]: [list, range or radius]

Keyword to give the list, range or radius for an active space treated at the given level of theory.

Note

This keyword depends on the selection type.

Valid method strings:

  • hf

  • ccs

  • cc2

  • ccsd

  • cc3

  • ccsd(t)

A list is specified using set notation: {1,2,3}.

A range is specified as [1,3] (equivalent to {1,2,3}).

A radius is specified by a double precision real (e.g. 1.0d2) and is always in Angstrom units. The atoms within the radius \(r\) of the central atom then define the active atoms.

Example: First three atoms in the input are chosen as HF active atoms space.

- active atoms
   selection type: list
   hf: {1,2,3}

central atom: [integer]

Specifies the central atom in the active space. Requested for selection type: central atom.

Note

This keyword is necessary in case of selection type: central atom.

inactive basis: [string]

Specifies the basis set on the inactive atoms, that is the atoms not specified in the active atoms section. Optional.

Valid keyword values are basis sets available in \(e^T\).

[method string] basis: [string]

Set basis for active space treated at a given level of theory. Optional.

Valid method strings:

  • hf

  • ccs

  • cc2

  • ccsd

  • cc3

  • ccsd(t)

Valid keyword values are basis sets available in \(e^T\).

Example: First three atoms in the input are chosen as CCSD active atoms space with aug-cc-pVDZ basis.

- active atoms
   selection type: range
   ccsd: [1,3]
   ccsd basis: aug-cc-pVDZ

active space

The active space section is used to run post Hartree-Fock methods only for an active space of orbitals. There are three types of active spaces supported at the moment:

  • The frozen core approximation, where core orbitals of each atom are excluded from the active space.

  • An active space consisting of canonical orbitals, as used for example in CASCI.

  • An active space consisting of orbitals localized in a specified region of the system.

Keywords

canonical: {[real], [real]}

The first number specifies the amount of active electrons and the second number the amount of active molecular orbitals. The orbitals are selected by energy starting from the orbital with lowest energy.

freeze atom cores: {[int], ...}

Default: false

Enables the frozen core approximation, where the core orbital of selected atoms are frozen. The atoms are specified by integers referring to the number of the atom in the geometry section.

Note

Currently only works for second row atoms. Can be used in combination with cvs.

freeze core: {[int], ...}

Default: false

Enables the frozen core approximation. Selected MOs can be frozen by specifying the MO indices in a list. If no list is given the core MOs of all atoms will be frozen. Optional.

Note

Can be used in combination with cvs if the frozen core MOs are specified in a list. Note that the indices specified in core excitation refer to the MOs after freezing.

localized

Default: false

This enables the construction of localized Hartree-Fock orbitals after SCF is converged. Optional.

Note

The orbitals are localized for a set of active atoms which needs to be defined in the active atoms section.

Warning

This keyword is currently not supported for casci and fci calculations.

boson

General QED keywords.

Required keywords

interaction type: [string]

Default: photon

Specifies the type of the boson-matter interaction. Currently photon and plasmon are supported.

modes: [integer]

Specifies the number of boson modes.

Note

Only modes: 1 can be selected for SC-QED-HF.

frequency: {[real], ...}

Specifies the boson frequency/energy (\(\omega\)) in atomic units. Number of parameters given must be equal to the number of modes.

Optional keywords

boson states: {[integer], ...}

Default: 1

Specifies the number of boson states per boson mode. Number of integers given must be equal to the number of modes.

Note

Required in post-QED-HF methods.

coupling: {[real], ...}

Default: 0.0

Specifies the light-matter coupling \(\lambda= \sqrt{4\pi/V_{\text{eff}}}\) in atomic units. Required in photon calculations. Number of parameters given must be equal to the number of modes.

polarization: {[real],[real],[real]}

Specifies the transversal polarization vector (\(\vec{\epsilon}\)). Only used in photon calculations.

wavevector: {[real],[real],[real]}

Specifies the direction of the wavevector (\(\vec{k}\)). Only used in photon calculations.

Note

For photon calculations, either the polarization or wavevector must be specified, but not both. The number of modes must be even when the wavevector is specified.

coupling bilinear: {[real], ...}

Overwrites the bilinear light-matter coupling \(\lambda \sqrt{\omega/2}\). Number of parameters given must be equal to the number of modes.

coupling self: {[real], ...}

Overwrites the light-matter self-coupling \(0.5 \lambda^2\). Number of couplings given must be equal to the number of modes.

coherent state: {[real], ...}

Specifies the coherent state / displacement for each boson mode. Number of parameters given must be equal to the number of modes.

boson number: {[int], ...}

Maximum number of boson occupations to be used in the strong coupling calculations for each mode.

quadrupole oei

Assume complete basis (\(\sum_p |p\rangle\langle p| = 1\)) to rewrite the self-interaction with quadrupole moments, removing references to the virtual density. Only used in photon calculations.

Note

Decreases accuracy in a finite basis. Without this option frozen core is disabled.

cbo: {[real], ...}

Specifies the displacement q of the field for each boson mode. Number of parameters given must be equal to the number of modes.

print dipole eri construction

Prints the transformation of the two electron integral in the basis that diagonalizes the dipole operator.

Note

Keyword only used in SC-QED-HF calculations.

cc

General coupled cluster keywords.

Keywords

Bath orbital

Default: false

Add a bath orbital to the calculation with zero orbital energy and zero electron repulsion integrals.

Note

This keyword is required to compute ionized states.

cc mean value

The cc mean value section is used to obtain CC ground state expectation values.

Note

This section is required if the keyword mean value is given in the do section.

Keywords

dipole

Calculation of coupled cluster ground state dipole moment.

quadrupole

Calculation of coupled cluster ground state quadrupole moment.

molecular gradient

Calculation of the coupled cluster ground state molecular gradient, if implemented. The gradient is printed to a separate output file.

cc real time

Keywords related to time-dependent coupled cluster calculations go into the cc real time section.

Note

One of the keywords below must be specified if you have requested real time in the do section.

Keywords

propagation

Default: false

Perform real-time propagation of the coupled-cluster state.

fft dipole moment

Default: false

Perform complex fast Fourier transform of the dipole moment time series from an earlier real-time propagation calculation.

fft electric field

Default: false

Perform complex fast Fourier transform of the electric field time series from an earlier real-time propagation calculation.

cc response

Keywords specific to response calculations are given in the cc response section.

For EOM transition moments from ground and excited states, and permanent moments for excited states are implemented for CCS, CC2, CCSD and CC3. EOM polarizabilities are implemented for CCS, CC2 and CCSD.

For linear response transition moments from the ground state and polarizabilities are implemented for CCS, CC2, and CCSD.

Note

This section is required if the keyword response is given in the do section.

One of the keywords polarizabilities, permanent moments or transition moments must be specified.

Keywords

polarizabilities: {[character], [character], ...}

Enables the calculation of polarizabilities, and gives the option to specify cartesian componens (xx`, yz, etc.). Specifying components is optional.

transition moments

Enables the calculation of transition moments.

eom

Properties will be calculated within the equation of motion formalism.

Either this or the lr keyword must be specified.

Available for CCS, CC2, CCSD, and CC3.

lr

Properties will be calculated within the linear response formalism.

Either this or the eom keyword must be specified.

Available for CCS, CC2, and CCSD.

dipole length

Compute transition dipole moments in length gauge.

dipole velocity

Compute transition dipole moments in length, velocity and mixed gauge.

rotatory strength

Compute rotatory strength in length and velocity gauge.

frequencies: {[real], [real], ...}

Frequencies, in Hartree, for which the polarizability shall be computed. Required for polarizabilities.

asymmetric

Enables the calculation of polarizabilities based on an asymmetric expression. This allows the user to avoid calculating the response of one of the two components for the polarizability. Instead both amplitude and multiplier response must be calculated for the desired component.

Asymmetric polarizabilities are only available for eom and require the response components keyword to be set.

response components: {[character], [character], ...}

The components for which to calculate amplitude and multiplier response for asymmetric polarizabilities.

initial states: {[real], [real], ...}

Default: {0} (Only the ground state is considered.)

Numbers of the states for which the transition/permanent moments shall be computed.

permanent moments

Enables the calculation of permanent moments.

Note

Only implemented in the EOM formalism for excited states.

dyson orbitals

Enables the calculation of Dyson orbitals.

Note

Only implemented in the EOM formalism for ionized and core-ionized states. For ionizations a bath orbital has to be requested in the cc section and the ionization keyword has to be specified solver cc es

full-space transition moments

Enables the calculation of full-space transition moments after band Lanczos calculations. This comes in addition to the reduced-space initial-final state transition moments calculated in the band Lanczos solver.

damping: [real]

Default: 0 (No damping.)

Damping to be used in the damped response solver.

ci mean value

The ci mean value section is used to obtain expectation values of operators for the CI ground state.

Keywords

dipole

Calculation of the CI ground state dipole moment.

quadrupole

Calculation of the CI ground state quadrupole moment.

ci transition property

The ci transition property section is used to obtain transition matrix elements of operators for specified CI states.

Keywords

dipole

Calculation of the CI transition dipole moment.

quadrupole

Calculation of the CI transition quadrupole moment.

initial states: {[real], [real], ...}

Default: {0} (Only the ground state is considered.)

Numbers of the states from which the CI transition/permanent moments shall be computed.

final states: {[real], [real], ...}

Default: {0} (Only the ground state is considered.)

Numbers of the states to which the CI transition/permanent moments shall be computed.

dft functional

Keywords related to the exchange-correlation functionals used in DFT calculations.

Keywords

functional: [string]

Specifies the DFT XC functional as defined in LibXC: https://www.tddft.org/programs/libxc/functionals/

Some common functionals can be defined by:

  • lda : lda_x + lda_c_vwn_rpa

  • lsda : lda_x + lda_c_vwn_rpa

  • pbe : gga_x_pbe + gga_c_pbe

  • blyp : gga_x_b88 + gga_c_lyp

  • pbe0 : hyb_gga_xc_pbeh

  • b3lyp : hyb_gga_xc_b3lyp

  • bhandhlyp : hyb_gga_xc_bhandhlyp

  • sogga11x : hyb_gga_x_sogga11_x + gga_c_sogga11_x

exchange: [string]

Specifies the DFT Exchange functional as defined in LibXC: https://www.tddft.org/programs/libxc/functionals/

correlation: [string]

Specifies the DFT Correlation functional as defined in LibXC: https://www.tddft.org/programs/libxc/functionals/

hf percentage: [real]

Specifies the HF Exchange percentage for Hybrid DFT Functionals

do

The do section is where the type of calculation is specified. It will determine the \(e^T\) engine used in the calculation.

Note

Only one of the keywords below has to be specified. For example for the calculation of excited states only the keyword excited state is required even though the ground state equations have to be solved as well to obtain excited states.

Keywords

cholesky eri

Keyword to run a Cholesky decomposition of the two-electron integrals. Note that this is done automatically for any coupled cluster calculation, the keyword should only be given if only Cholesky decomposition is to be performed.

ground state

Keyword to run a ground state calculation at the level of theory given in the method section. Enables the ground state or reference engine.

geometry optimization

Keyword to run a geometry optimization. Enables the geometry optimization engine. Only ground state optimizations are available for HF, while excited state optimized structures are also available at the CC level of theory. Depending on the availability, the optimization will be performed with analytical gradients (available for HF and CCSD) or numerical gradients (if analytical is not available).

harmonic frequencies

Keyword to determine vibrational frequencies and normal modes for HF and CC methods. Recommended to use for methods that have analytical gradients (HF and CCSD). A default calculation determines the frequencies and the normal modes. See harmonic frequencies section for additional calculations (such as Wigner sampling).

mean value

Keyword to calculate coupled cluster expectation values. Enables the mean value engine, which determines the coupled cluster ground state amplitudes and multipliers, and calculates the requested expectation value. Which mean value(s) to calculate are specified in the cc mean value section.

Note

For Hartree-Fock calculations, one must write ground state in do and specify the mean value(s) to calculate in the hf mean value section.

excited state

Keyword to run a coupled cluster excited state calculation. Enables the excited state engine, which calculates the ground and excited state amplitudes.

Note

The cc es solver section is required for excited state calculations.

response

Keyword to enable the coupled cluster response engine. Implemented features are EOM transition moments and polarizabilities for CCS, CC2, CCSD and CC3, and LR transition moments and polarizabilities for CCS. The response engine drives the calculation of ground state amplitudes and multipliers, excited state vectors (left and right eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix) and the requested property.

Note

The cc response section is required for coupled cluster response calculations.

restart

Global restart keyword to activate restart where possible.

Note

eT will first check if restart is possible and use the default start guess if not.

real time

Keyword to run coupled cluster time propagation. Enables the time-dependent engine.

Note

The cc real time section is required for coupled cluster time propagation.

shielding

Keyword to run CPHF nuclear shielding tensors.

tdhf excited state

Keyword to run TDHF excitation energies (Tamm-Dancoff or RPA).

Note

The solver tdhf es section is required for TDHF excited state calculations.

tdhf response

Keyword to run TDHF response calculation (polarizabilities).

Example

To calculate the CCSD ground and four excited states, specify

- do
  excited state

together with

- method
  hf
  ccsd

and

- solver cc es
  singlet states: 4

electric field

Keywords related to the specification of electric field pulses for real-time calculations.

Required keywords

envelope: {[integer], [integer],...}

Envelope of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

Valid keyword values are:

  • 1 Use Gaussian envelope.

  • 2 Use sine squared envelope.

x polarization: {[real], [real], ...}

\(x\) polarization component of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

y polarization: {[real], [real], ...}

\(y\) polarization component of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

z polarization: {[real], [real], ...}

\(z\) polarization component of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

central time: {[real], [real], ...}

Central time of the envelope of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

width: {[real], [real], ...}

Temporal width of the envelope of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\) in atomic units. The width corresponds to the Gaussian root-mean-squared width of a pulse with a Gaussian envelope and the period of a pulse with a sine squared envelope.

carrier angular frequency: {[real], [real], ...}

Angular frequency of the carrier wave of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\) in atomic units.

peak strength: {[real], [real], ...}

Amplitude of the carrier wave of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\) in atomic units.

phase shift: {[real], [real], ...}

Carrier-envelope phase shift of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\). The shift corresponds to the difference between the maxima of the envelope and the carrier wave.

Optional keywords

repetition: {[real], [real], ...}

Default: {1, 1, ...} (a single instance of each pulse)

Number of instances of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

separation: {[real], [real], ...}

The temporal separation between repetitions of electric field pulse \(1,2,\ldots\).

Note

Should only be specified if the repetition keyword has been specified.

geometry

The geometry must be given as xyz coordinates either with Angstrom or Bohr units. The default units are Angstrom. The basis set is also given in the geometry section.

Minimal example for the geometry section

- geometry
   basis: aug-cc-pVDZ
   H          0.86681        0.60144        5.00000
   H         -0.86681        0.60144        5.00000
   O          0.00000       -0.07579        5.00000

If other units than Angstrom are desired, this must be specified at the top of the geometry section with the units keyword. Possible values are Angstrom and Bohr.

- geometry
   units: Bohr
   basis: aug-cc-pVDZ
   H          1.63803   1.13655   9.44863
   H         -1.63803   1.13655   9.44863
   O          0.00000  -0.14322   9.44863

Different basis sets may be placed on the atoms using the basis keyword. An atom is given the last basis set specified above it, e.g. in the following example the oxygen has the d-aug-cc-pVDZ basis and the hydrogens have the aug-cc-pVDZ basis. See here for a list of included basis sets.

- geometry
   basis: aug-cc-pVDZ
   H          0.86681        0.60144        5.00000
   H         -0.86681        0.60144        5.00000
   basis: d-aug-cc-pVDZ
   O          0.00000       -0.07579        5.00000

Basis functions can be placed without the corresponding atom by using the keyword ghost. Every atom specified after the keyword will have zero charge, which corresponds to only placing the basis functions at the specified location. An H2 calculation run with the same basis functions as H2O can be done using this geometry:

- geometry
   basis: aug-cc-pVDZ
   H          0.86681        0.60144        5.00000
   H         -0.86681        0.60144        5.00000
   ghost
   O          0.00000       -0.07579        5.00000

In case of QM/MM calculations, the QM and MM portions have to be separated by a line containing --. The parameters for QM/MM calculations are placed after the XYZ coordinates. In case of electrostatic QM/MM embedding (see molecular mechanics section), the charge of each atom needs to be provided:

- geometry
   basis: cc-pVDZ
    O      0.87273600      0.00000000     -1.24675400
    H      0.28827300      0.00000000     -2.01085300
    H      0.28827300      0.00000000     -0.48265500
    --
    O [IMol=   1]     -0.77880300      0.00000000      1.13268300      [q=-0.834]
    H [IMol=   1]     -0.66668200      0.76409900      1.70629100      [q=+0.417]
    H [IMol=   1]     -0.66668200     -0.76409900      1.70629000      [q=+0.417]

In case of polarizable QM/FQ (see molecular mechanics section), the electronegativities (chi) and chemical hardnesses (eta) are needed for each atom:

- geometry
   basis: cc-pVDZ
    O      0.87273600      0.00000000     -1.24675400
    H      0.28827300      0.00000000     -2.01085300
    H      0.28827300      0.00000000     -0.48265500
    --
    O [IMol=   1]     -0.77880300      0.00000000      1.13268300     [chi=0.11685879436,eta=0.58485173233]
    H [IMol=   1]     -0.66668200      0.76409900      1.70629100     [chi=0.00000000000,eta=0.62501048888]
    H [IMol=   1]     -0.66668200     -0.76409900      1.70629000     [chi=0.00000000000,eta=0.62501048888]

grid info

Keywords related to the grid construction.

Keywords

maximum angular order: [int]

Default: 30

Maximum angular order of Lebedev quadrature

minimum angular order: [int]

Default: 15

Minimum angular order of Lebedev quadrature

partitioning: [string]

Default: Becke partitioning

Partitioning applied to the the atoms.

quadrature: [string]

Default: Gauss-Chebyshev

Radial quadrature. Possible values:

  • Gauss-Chebyshev

  • Treutler-Ahlrics

radial threshold: [real]

Default: 1.0E-6

Threshold of the radial quadrature. Lower values increase the quality (and numbers of points) of the grid.

cube side: [real]

If present, build a grid using the specified quantity as side of the discretization cubes (for debug porpuses only)

cube offset: [real]

If present, offset applied to the minimum/maximum atomic cartesian coordinates along each direction to construct the grid (for debug porpuses only)

harmonic frequencies

The harmonic frequencies section is used to specify settings for vibrational frequency calculations. A default calculation will determine the vibrational frequencies and the normal modes for the ground state at the specified input geometry. For additional calculations and excited states, see the keywords below.

Note

This section is used if the keyword harmonic frequencies is given in the do section.

Keywords

gradient displacement: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Displacement for numerical differentiation used to evaluate gradients which are used to evaluate the Hessian.

gradient method: [string]

Default: analytical

Specifies whether to evaluate gradients using analytical calculation or numerical.

Valid keyword values are:

  • analytical Analytical gradient evaluation.

  • central difference Numerical differentiation with central differences (recommended for numerical differentiation).

  • forward difference Numerical differentiation with forward differences.

hessian displacement: [real]

Default: \(10^{-4}\) (or 1.0d-4)

Displacement for numerical differentiation used to evaluate Hessian. Method used is central differences based on either analytical or numerical gradients.

run geometry optimization

If specified, the geometry will first be optimized before the frequency calculation. Otherwise the frequency calculation will be performed at the input geometry.

state: [integer]

Default: \(0\)

Specifies the state to calculate the Hessian for. State = 0 corresponds to the ground state, state = 1 to the first excited state, and so on.

wigner samples: [integer]

Perform 0 K Wigner sampling. This will produce the number of samples specified, sampled from a normal mode Wigner distribution at T = 0 K. The created samples are stored as wigner_sample_0.dat, wigner_sample_1.dat, and so on, where each .dat file contains first the sampled geometry and then the sampled momentum (FMS90 format).

wigner seed: [integer]

Default: \(0\)

Seed used in random number generator for the Wigner sampling. If not specified, eT will use the default seed (obtained from wigner seed: 0). The seed will produce reproducable Wigner samples for a given integer type (either 32 or 64).

hf mean value

The hf mean value section is used to obtain HF expectation values.

Keywords

dipole

Calculation of the HF dipole moment.

quadrupole

Calculation of the HF quadrupole moment.

molecular gradient

Calculation of the HF molecular gradient, if implemented. The gradient is printed to a separate output file.

integrals

In the integrals section you can specify settings for the handling of Cholesky vectors and electron repulsion integrals in coupled cluster calculations.

Keywords

cholesky storage: [string]

Default: memory if they take up less than 20% of the total memory; disk otherwise

Specify how to store the Cholesky vectors. Optional.

Valid options are:

  • memory Store Cholesky vectors in memory.

  • disk Store Cholesky vectors on file.

eri storage: [string]

Default: memory if the entire matrix is needed in the calculation and they take up less than 20% of the total memory; none otherwise

Specify how to store the electron repulsion integrals. Optional.

Valid options are:

  • memory Store full electron repulsion matrix in memory.

  • none Always construct the integrals from Cholesky vectors.

Warning

memory can slow down calculations for which the full integral matrix is not needed. This is the case for CCS and CC2 calculations. We recommend to use defaults.

mo eri in memory

Default: false

Override defaults and store full MO ERI matrix in memory if true. Recommended for time-dependent CC.

t1 eri in memory

Default: false

Override defaults and store full T1 ERI matrix in memory if true.

ri: [string]

Default: None

Enables the RI approximation for the integrals and provides the auxiliary basis set.

Valid options are any available auxiliary basis set.

lanczos

Keywords related to the use of asymmetric Lanczos algorithms for solving the excited state coupled cluster equations and calculating transition properties go into the lanczos section.

Optional keywords

biorthogonalize last: [integer]

Default: The maximum number of iterations given by the singlet states keyword.

The number of last generated Lanczos vectors that the band Lanczos algorithm should orthogonalize the vector generated at the current iteration against.

chain length: [integer]

Specifies the dimension of the reduced (Krylov sub-) space for the asymmetric Lanczos algorithm. Required for algorithm: asymmetric lanczos.

deflation threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-12}\) (or 1.0d-12)

Minimum value of the norm of the right or left Lanczos vector generated at any iteration. The right or left band Lanczos space is deflated if the norm goes below this threshold.

lanczos normalization: [integer]

Default: asymmetric

Specifies the type of biorthonormalization for the asymmetric Lanczos algorithm. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • asymmetric Which enables \(\tilde{p} = p\) and \(\tilde{q} = \frac{q}{p\cdot q}\)

  • symmetric Which enables \(\tilde{p} = \frac{p}{\sqrt{|p\cdot q|}}\) and \(\tilde{q} = \text{sgn}(p\cdot q)\frac{q}{\sqrt{|p\cdot q|}}\)

max energy: [real]

Default: 1000

Maximum energy of the states checked for convergence and/or stored in the band Lanczos algorithm, in Hartree.

min energy: [real]

Default: -1000

Minimum energy of the states checked for convergence and/or stored in the band Lanczos algorithm, in Hartree.

min transition strength: [real]

Default: 0.0

Minimum transition strength of the states checked for convergence and/or stored in the band Lanczos algorithm, to any of the initial states specified with the restart states keyword, in Hartree.

operators: {integer, integer, ... }

List of operators used for starting vectors based on operators and initial states. Each number in the list corresponds to a number at the same position in the restart states list. The integer 0 specifies the unit operator, and cannot be given together with the number 0 in the restart states list (cannot use the ground state as a starting vector). The numbers 1, 2 and 3 give the X, Y and Z dipole operators, respectively. The numbers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 give the XX, XY, XZ, YY, YZ and ZZ quadrupole operators, respectively.

overlap threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-14}\) (or 1.0d-14)

Specifies the minimum value of the dot product of the right and left Lanczos vector generated at an iteration. The algorithm breaks down, and the iteration loop is exited, if the overlap goes below this threshold.

restart states: { integer, integer, ... }

Default: List of integers from 1 to the integer specified with the singlet states keyword.

List of precomputed initial states used for restart and operator starting vectors. Each number in the list corresponds to a number at the same position in the operators list. The integer 0 specifies the ground state, and must be given together with a number greater than 0 in the operators list (cannot use the ground state as a starting vector). An integer greater than 0 specifies the precomputed excited state with the given number, and can be used together with all operator numbers. If the excited state does not exist on file, a default start vector will be used instead.

skip convergence

Skips testing the convergence of the states calculated using the band Lanczos algorithm, implying that all the calculated states are stored on file.

memory

Keywords to specify the available memory is given in the memory section.

Note

The amount specified is the total memory eT is allowed to use, i.e. not the memory per thread.

Keywords

available: [integer]

Default: 8

Specifies the available memory, default units are gigabytes. Optional.

unit: [string]

Default: GB

Specifies the units for the specified available memory. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • B

  • KB

  • MB

  • GB

method

In the method section, the wave function method is specified. In the case of a post-HF calculation, both the reference wave function method and the post-HF method must be specified.

Self-Consistent Field methods

At the Self-Consistent Field level of theory the following keywords may be specified:

  • hf for restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF)

  • mlhf for multilevel Hartree-Fock

  • uhf for unrestricted Hartree-Fock

  • rohf for restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock

  • cuhf for constrained unrestricted Hartree-Fock

  • qed-hf for quantum electrodynamics Hartree-Fock (QED-HF)

  • sc-qed-hf for strong coupling quantum electrodynamics Hartree-Fock (SC-QED-HF)

  • dft for density functional theory (DFT)

In coupled cluster calculations, either RHF or MLHF must be specified, in addition to the coupled cluster method.

Coupled cluster methods

The available coupled cluster methods are:

  • ccs

  • cc2

  • lowmem-cc2

  • ccsd

  • ccsd(t)

  • cc3

  • ccsdt

  • mlcc2

  • mlccsd

  • qed-ccsd

Other methods

  • mp2

  • fci

  • casci

  • fci

  • qed-fci

Examples

For a Hartree-Fock calculation, specify the type of wave function (hf, mlhf, or uhf) in the method section.

- method
   hf

To perform a coupled cluster calculation, both the coupled cluster method and the type of reference wave function must be specified.

- method
   hf
   ccsd

mlcc

Keywords specific to multilevel coupled cluster enter into the mlcc section.

Keywords

levels: [string], [string], ...

Specifies the level of theory for the different active spaces. Required keyword.

Valid keyword values are:

  • ccs

  • cc2

  • ccsd

Note

Necessary for MLCCSD calculation.

cc2 orbitals: [string]

Specifies the type of orbitals used for orbital partitioning in MLCC2. Required keyword.

Valid keyword values are:

  • cnto-approx Approximated correlated natural transition orbitals

  • cholesky Cholesky orbitals (occupied and virtual)

  • cholesky-pao Cholesky occupied orbitals and projected atomic orbitals for the virtuals.

  • nto-canonical Natural transition orbitals for occupied and canonical for virtuals.

Warning

nto-canonical and cholesky orbitals are not generally recommended.

ccsd orbitals: [string]

Specifies the type of orbitals used for orbital partitioning in MLCCSD. Required keyword.

Valid keyword values are:

  • cnto-approx Approximated correlated natural transition orbitals

  • cholesky Cholesky orbitals (occupied and virtual)

  • cholesky-pao Cholesky occupied orbitals and projected atomic orbitals for the virtuals.

  • nto-canonical Natural transition orbitals for occupied and canonical for virtuals.

Warning

nto-canonical and cholesky orbitals are not generally recommended.

cholesky threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.0\cdot 10^{-2}\) (or 1.0d-2)

Threshold for the Cholesky decomposition of the density. Only used with cc2 orbitals: cholesky or cc2 orbitals: cholesky-pao

cnto occupied cc2: [integer]

Determines the number of occupied orbitals in the CC2 orbital space for the MLCC2 calculation.

Note

Necessary if cc2 orbitals: cnto-approx is given.

cnto virtual cc2: [integer]

Default: \(n_v^{\text{CC2}} = n_o^{\text{CC2}}\cdot\frac{n_v}{n_o}\)

Sets the number of virtual orbitals in the CC2 orbital space for the MLCC2 calculation. Optional.

Note

Only used if cc2 orbitals: cnto-approx is given.

cnto occupied ccsd: [integer]

Determines the number of occupied orbitals in the CCSD orbital space for the MLCCSD calculation.

Note

Necessary if ccsd orbitals: cnto-approx is given.

cnto virtual ccsd: [integer]

Default: \(n_v^{\text{CCSD}} = n_o^{\text{CCSD}}\cdot\frac{n_v}{n_o}\)

Sets the number of virtual orbitals in the CCSD orbital space for the MLCCSD calculation. Optional.

Note

Only used if ccsd orbitals: cnto-approx is given.

cnto states: {[integer], [integer], ...}

Determines which CCS excited states are used to construct the approximated CNTOs.

Note

Necessary if cc2 orbitals: cnto-approx or ccsd orbitals: cnto-approx is given.

print ccs calculation

Default: false

Enables the printing of the CCS calculation in the case of cc2 orbitals: cnto-approx or ccsd orbitals: cnto-approx. Optional.

print cc2 calculation

Default: false

Enables the printing of the CC2 calculation in the case of ccsd orbitals: cnto. Optional.

nto occupied cc2: [integer]

Determines the number of occupied orbitals in the CC2 orbital space for the MLCC2 calculation.

Note

Necessary if cc2 orbitals: nto-canonical is given.

nto occupied ccsd: [integer]

Determines the number of occupied orbitals in the CCSD orbital space for the MLCCSD calculation.

Note

Necessary if ccsd orbitals: nto-canonical is given.

canonical virtual cc2: [integer]

Default: \(n_v^{\text{CC2}} = n_o^{\text{CC2}}\cdot\frac{n_v}{n_o}\)

Sets the number of virtual orbitals in the CC2 orbital space for the MLCC2 calculation. Optional.

Note

Only used if cc2 orbitals: nto-canonical is given.

canonical virtual ccsd: [integer]

Default: \(n_v^{\text{CCSD}} = n_o^{\text{CCSD}}\cdot\frac{n_v}{n_o}\)

Sets the number of virtual orbitals in the CCSD orbital space for the MLCCSD calculation. Optional.

Note

Only used if ccsd orbitals: nto-canonical is given.

nto states: {[integer], [integer], ...}

Determines which CCS excited states are used to construct the NTOs.

Note

Necessary if cc2 orbitals: nto-canonical is given.

cnto restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from previously determined CNTO matrices (M and N). Optional.

nto restart

Default: false

If specified, eT will attempt to restart from previously determined NTO matrices (M and N). Optional.

orbital restart

Default: false

If specified, orbital partitioning is skipped and MLCC orbitals (and sizes of orbital sets) are read from file. Optional.

molecular mechanics

MM specific keywords enter into the molecular mechanics section.

Keywords

forcefield: [string]

Default: non-polarizable

Specifies the forcefield to be used for the MM portion.

Valid keyword values are:

  • non-polarizable Electrostatic QM/MM Embedding

    Note

    The charge has to be provided for each atom in the geometry section.

  • fq Fluctuating Charge force field.

    Note

    The electronegativity and chemical hardness has to be provided for each atom in the geometry section.

algorithm: [string]

Default: mat_inversion

Selects the algorithm to be used to solve the FQ equation. So far only the inversion algorithm is implemented. Optional.

multilevel hf

Keywords specific to multilevel Hartree-Fock enter into the multilevel hf section.

Keywords

initial hf optimization

Default: false

Enables an initial optimization of the full density through a standard HF calculation to a low threshold.

initial hf threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.0\cdot10^{-1}\) (or 1.0d-1)

Threshold for the initial HF optimization. Should only be specified if initial hf optimization is also specified.

print initial hf

Default: false

Enables the printing of the initial HF optimization in the case that initial hf optimization is given. Optional.

cholesky virtuals

Default: false

Enable the use of Cholesky decomposition of the virtual AO density to construct the active virtual orbitals. The default is to use projected atomic orbitals.

cholesky threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.0\cdot10^{-2}\) or (1.0d-2)

Threshold for the Cholesky decomposition of the AO density to construct an active space.

project on minimal basis

Default: false

First diagonalization of the AO fock matrix will be performed in a minimal basis.

no mo screening

Default: false

Disables screening based on the MO-coefficients in MLHF.

Note

Active space screening is recommended to reduce the cost of the calculation.

orbital localization

Keywords to enable localization of Hartree-Fock orbitals

Keywords

type: [string]

Default: None

Determines the type of functional to use for orbital localization.

Valid keyword values are:

  • edmiston-ruedenberg

  • foster-boys

Note

This keyword is required to obtain localized Hartree-Fock orbitals

orbitals: [string]

Default: None

Determines which orbital sets to localize. Either occupied, virtual, or both. In the latter case, the orbitals are localized separately to obtain new Hartree-Fock orbitals (i.e., there is no occupied-virtual mixing).

Valid keyword values are:

  • occupied

  • virtual

  • both

Note

This keyword is required to obtain localized Hartree-Fock orbitals

threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-6}\) (or 1.0d-6)

Threshold below which the maximum element of the gradient needs to be to stop the orbital localization procedure. Optional.

pcm

Keywords specific to the polarizable continuum model enter into the pcm section.

Keywords

input: [string]

Specifies if the input parameters are given in the \(e^{T}\) input file or in an external file handled directly by the external library PCMSolver. Required.

Valid keyword values are

  • external

    Note

    No further input has to be given to pcm because the parameters have to be specified in an external .pcm-file.

  • internal

solvent: [string]

Specifies the solvent outside the cavity.

Valid keyword values

tesserae area: [real]

Default: 0.3

Area of the finite elements (tesserae) the surface is constructed from given in square Angstrom.

solver type: [string]

Default: iefpcm

Selects the type of solver to be used to solve the PCM equation.

Valid keyword values are

  • iefpcm Integral Equation Formalism PCM

  • cpcm conductor-like PCM

print

In this section you can specify settings related to the main output files.

Keywords

output print level: [string]

Specifies the print level for the main output file. Default is normal. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • minimal Only banners, final results like total energies or excitation energies, solver settings, and other essential information.

  • normal In addition to minimal, print iteration information, amplitude analysis, and other non-essential information.

  • verbose In addition to normal, print all relevant information for users. This can make the output difficult to read and navigate.

  • debug In addition to verbose, prints information mostly relevant for debugging code that behaves unexpectedly.

timing print level: [string]

Specifies the print level for the timing file. Default is normal. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • minimal Total solver timings, total program time, and other essential timings.

  • normal In addition to minimal, iteration times and details like time to calculate omega, the Fock matrix, and other expensive terms.

  • verbose In addition to normal, times for subtasks, such as micro-iteration times as well as individual contributions to the omega vector.

  • debug In addition to verbose, prints timings mostly relevant for debugging code that behaves unexpectedly.

full references

If specified, implementation references will be printed in APA style. Otherwise, only the DOIs are printed to the output file.

z-matrix

If specified, prints the z-matrix to the output file.

solver cc es

Keywords related to solving the excited state coupled cluster equations go into the solver cc es section. Required for calculations of excited states!

Required keywords

singlet states: [integer]

Specifies the number of singlet excited states to calculate.

Note

Either singlet states or triplet states must be specified unless the asymmetric Lanczos solver is requested. For the band Lanczos solver, the number specifies the maximum number of iterations (also known as chain length).

triplet states: [integer]

Specifies the number of triplet excited states to calculate.

Note

Either singlet states or triplet states must be specified unless the asymmetric Lanczos solver is requested. Triplet states are currently only available for CCS, CC2 and CCSD. Both the Davidson and DIIS solver can be used.

algorithm: [string]

Default: davidson for CCS, CC2, MLCC2, and CCSD; non-linear davidson for lowmem-CC2 and CC3.

Solver to use for converging the excited state equations.

Valid keyword values are:

  • davidson

    Use Davidson algorithm with residuals preconditioned with the orbital differences approximation of the Jacobian. Cannot be used for lowmem-CC2 and CC3.

  • diis

    Use DIIS algorithm with update estimates obtained from the orbital differences approximation of the Jacobian. Can be used for lowmem-CC2 and CC3.

  • non-linear davidson

    Use the non-linear Davidson algorithm with residuals preconditioned with the orbital differences approximation of the Jacobian. Can be used for lowmem-CC2 and CC3.

  • asymmetric lanczos

    Use the asymmetric Lanczos algorithm for excitation energies. EOM oscillator strengths will be calculated as well. Cannot be used for lowmem-CC2, MLCC2, and CC3.

  • asymmetric band lanczos

    Use the asymmetric band Lanczos algorithm for excitation energies and EOM-CC transition/oscillator strengths. Cannot be used for lowmem-CC2, MLCC2, and CC3.

Note

The asymmetric lanczos algorithm requires the response keyword in the do section.

Optional keywords

right eigenvectors

Default: true

If specified, solve for the right eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix. This keyword should only be specified for an excited state calculation. For property calculations, the program will solve for both left and right vectors. Optional.

Note

For response calculations or when using the asymmetric lanczos algorithm, this keyword is ignored.

left eigenvectors

Default: false

If specified, solve for the left eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix. This keyword should only be specified for an excited state calculation. For property calculations, the program will solve for both left and right vectors. Optional.

Note

For response calculations or when using the asymmetric lanczos algorithm, this keyword is ignored.

energy threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Energy convergence threshold, as measured with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

Note

The solvers will not check for the energy convergence, if the energy threshold is not set.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the excited state equation. Optional

core excitation: { integer, integer, ... }

Default: false

Solve for core excitations within the CVS approximation. The integers specify which orbitals to excite out of. Orbitals are ordered according to orbital energy (canonical orbitals). If the keyword has been specified, CVS will be activated automatically. Optional.

remove core: { integer, integer, ... }

Default: false

Valence excitations, but with excitations from core MOs projected out. The integers specify which core orbitals from which one should not excite. Orbitals are ordered according to orbital energy (canonical orbitals). Optional.

Note

This is the orthogonal projection to core excitation: { integer, integer, ... }

Warning

Cannot be used in CVS calculations or when frozen core is enabled.

ionization

Default: false

Solve for ionized state. If this keyword is specified, the ionized state will be calculated using a bath orbital and projection similar to CVS. Optional.

Note

For ionizations a bath orbital has to be requested in the cc section

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

diis dimension: [integer]

Default: 20

Number of previous DIIS records to keep. Optional.

Note

Only relevant for algorithm: diis.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of excited state records. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

crop

Default: false

If specified, the CROP version of DIIS will be enabled. Optional.

Note

Only relevant for algorithm: diis.

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: \(\max(100, 10 n_\mathrm{s})\), where \(n_\mathrm{s}\) is the number of singlet states specified by singlet states: [integer] in the solver cc es section.

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the Davidson procedure. Optional.

Note

Only relevant for algorithm: davidson and algorithm: non-linear davidson.

max micro iterations: [integer]

Default: \(100\)

Maximum number of iterations in the non-linear Davidson solver. Optional.

rel micro threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-1}\) (or 1.0d-1)

Threshold for convergence in the micro iterations of the non-linear Davidson solver. This threshold is relative to the current norm of the residuals.

state guesses: {i=integer, a=integer}, {i=integer, a=integer}

Specifies start guesses for excited states in terms of transitions from occupied orbital \(i\) to virtual \(a\). Optional.

Note

Start guesses are required for all excited states requested.

The LUMO is the first virtual orbital \(a=1\)

olsen

Enable the Olsen update in Davidson. Will use a more accurate preconditioner which may improve convergence. Optional.

solver cc gs

Keywords related to solving the ground state coupled cluster equations go into the solver cc gs section. This section is optional. If it is not given, defaults will be used for all keywords.

Keywords

algorithm: [string]

Default: newton-raphson for CC3, diis for other coupled cluster methods

Solver to use for converging the amplitude equations. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • diis Quasi-Newton algorithm accelerated by DIIS. Uses the orbital differences approximation of the coupled cluster Jacobian.

  • newton-raphson. Newton algorithm accelerated by DIIS.

energy threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-5}\) (or 1.0d-5)

Energy convergence threshold, as measured with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

Note

The solvers will not check for the energy convergence, if the energy threshold is not set.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-5}\) (or 1.0d-5)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the amplitude equations vector \(\Omega_\mu = \langle \mu \vert \bar{H} \vert \text{HF} \rangle\). Optional.

multimodel newton: [string]

Default: on for CC3, off for other coupled cluster methods

If specified as on, the Newton-Raphson algorithm will solve the micro-iterations using a lower-level approximation of the Jacobian matrix. Must be combined with algorithm: newton-raphson. Optional.

crop

Default: false

If specified, the CROP version of DIIS will be enabled. Optional.

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

max micro iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of micro-iterations in the exact Newton solver (see algorithm: newton-raphson). The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

rel micro threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-2}\) (or 1.0d-2)

The relative threshold \(\tau\) used for micro-iterations by the exact Newton solver (see algorithm: newton-raphson). The micro-iterations are considered converged if the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the Newton equation is less than \(\tau \vert\vert \boldsymbol{\Omega} \vert\vert\). Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of DIIS records in coupled cluster calculations. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores DIIS records in memory.

  • disk Stores DIIS records on file.

micro iteration storage: [string]

Default: value of the keyword storage

Selects storage of records in the micro iterations (if any) in ground state coupled cluster calculations. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

diis dimension: [integer]

Default: 8

Number of previous DIIS records to keep. Optional.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

solver cc multipliers

Keywords related to solving the coupled cluster multiplier equation (left coupled cluster ground state) go into this section.

Keywords

algorithm: [string]

Default: diis for ccs, lowmem-cc2, and cc2; newton-raphson for cc3; davidson for other coupled cluster models.

Solver to use for converging the multiplier equation. Not supported for MLCC2.

Valid keyword values are:

  • davidson Use Davidson algorithm with residuals preconditioned with orbital differences approximation of the Jacobian. Cannot currently be used for lowmem-CC2, CC2, and CC3.

  • diis Use DIIS algorithm with update estimates obtained from the orbital differences approximation of the Jacobian.

  • newton-raphson. Newton algorithm accelerated by DIIS.

threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-5}\) (or 1.0d-5)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the multiplier equation. Optional.

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

diis dimension: [integer]

Default: 20

Number of previous DIIS records to keep. Optional.

Note

Only relevant for algorithm: diis.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of solver subspace records. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

crop

Default: false

If specified, the CROP version of DIIS will be enabled. Optional.

Note

Only relevant for algorithm: diis.

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the Davidson procedure. Optional.

Note

Only relevant for algorithm: davidson.

max micro iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of micro-iterations in the exact Newton solver (see algorithm: newton-raphson). The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

micro iteration storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of records in the micro iterations (if any). Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

rel micro threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-2}\) (or 1.0d-2)

The relative threshold \(\tau\) used for micro-iterations by the exact Newton solver (see algorithm: newton-raphson). The micro-iterations are considered converged if the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the Newton equation is less than \(\tau\). Optional.

multimodel newton: [string]

Default: on for CC3, off for other coupled cluster methods

If specified as on, the Newton-Raphson algorithm will solve the micro-iterations using a lower-level approximation of the Jacobian matrix. Must be combined with algorithm: newton-raphson. Optional.

solver cc propagation

Keywords related to time-dependent coupled cluster propagation settings.

Required keywords

integrator: [string]

Specifies the integration method used for real-time propagation. Required.

Valid keyword values are:

  • rk4 Fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4)

  • gl2 Second-order Gauss-Legendre (GL2)

  • gl4 Fourth-order Gauss-Legendre (GL4)

  • gl6 Sixth-order Gauss-Legendre (GL6)

  • dopri5 Dormand-Prince 5(4) (DOPRI5)

  • dop853 Dormand-Prince 8(5,3) (DOP853)

initial time: [real]

The start time for the real-time propagation given in atomic units. Required.

final time: [real]

The end time for the real-time propagation given in atomic units. Required.

time step: [real]

Size of the time steps for the real-time propagation given in atomic units. Required.

Optional keywords

method: [string]

Default: tdcc

Specifies the real-time coupled cluster method used for real-time propagation. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • tdcc Time-dependent coupled cluster method.

  • elementary td-eom-cc Elementary basis time-dependent equation-of-motion coupled cluster method.

  • diagonal td-eom-cc Diagonal basis time-dependent equation-of-motion coupled cluster method.

steps between output: [integer]

Default: \(1\)

Specifies how many time steps the solver should take between each time output (energy, dipole moment, …) is written to file. Optional.

implicit threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-11}\) (or 1.0d-11)

Specifies how tightly the Euclidian norm of the residual of implicit Runge-Kutta methods should converge before going to the next time step. Optional.

energy output

Default: false

Write energy to file every steps between output. Optional.

dipole moment output

Default: false

Write dipole moment to file every steps between output. Optional.

electric field output

Default: false

Write electric field to file every steps between output. Optional.

parameters output

Default: false

Write time-dependent parameters to file every steps between output. The parameters are the cluster amplitudes and Lagrange multipliers for TDCC, and the EOM-CC right and left amplitudes for TD-EOM-CC. Optional.

mo density matrix output

Default: false

Write molecular orbital (MO) density matrix to file every steps between output. Optional.

max error: [real]

Default: 1.0e-10

Maximum value of error estimate of embedded methods. Time step size is halved if estimate is greater than this value. Optional.

min error: [real]

Default: 1.0e-12

Minimum value of error estimate of embedded methods. Time step size is doubled if estimate is smaller than this value. Optional.

step reduction factor: [int]

Default: 2

Factor by which the propagation solver divides and multiplies the time step size in embedded methods, in order to keep the error estimate between the values of max error and min error. Optional.

solver cc response

Keywords related to solving the coupled cluster response equations. Used when solving the amplitude response and multiplier response equations.

Keywords

threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Residual norm threshold for convergence. Optional.

gradient response threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-5}\) (or 1.0d-5)

Residual norm threshold for convergence of amplitude response equations needed when computing CCSD level excited state gradients. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Storage for Davidson records. Optional.

Valid options are:

  • disk Store records on file.

  • memory Store records in memory.

max iterations: [real]

Default: \(100\)

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

Note

When running a CC excited state geometry optimization, the maximum number of iterations for solving the amplitude response equations is set to 20, unless otherwise specified. This is only done for analytical gradients and will have no effect for numerical gradients.

solver cholesky

Keywords related to the Cholesky decomposition of electron repulsion integrals go into the solver cholesky section. This section is optional. If it is not given, defaults will be used for all keywords.

Keywords

threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-4}\) (or 1.0d-4).

Decomposition threshold. All electron repulsion integrals will be reproduced by the Cholesky vectors to within this threshold. This threshold puts an upper limit to the accuracy of coupled cluster calculations. Optional.

batches: [integer]

Default: 1

Number of batches \(n_b\) in partitioned Cholesky decomposition. In this procedure, the Cholesky basis is chosen from a reduced set generated by decomposing diagonal blocks of the matrix (of which there are \(n_b\)). Introduces an error of about an order of magnitude higher than threshold. Optional.

one center

Default: false

If specified, the Cholesky decomposition is restricted to diagonal elements \(g_{\alpha\beta,\alpha\beta}\) for which both atomic orbital indices, \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) , are centered on the same atom. Introduces an error of about \(10^{-3}\) that cannot be reduced further by threshold. Optional.

span: [real]

Default: \(10^{-2}\) (or 1.0d-2)

Span factor \(\sigma\) . For a given iteration of the Cholesky decomposition, this number determines the range of possible pivots to select/qualify: \(D_{\alpha\beta} \geq \sigma D_\mathrm{max}\) . Optional.

qualified: [integer]

Default: \(1000\)

Maximum number of qualified pivots in an iteration of the Cholesky decomposition. Optional.

mo screening

Perform Cholesky decomposition such that the MO electron repulsion integrals are targeted. The default screening targets the AO integrals.

Note

This keyword should always be used for CC-in-HF and CC-in-MLHF calculations, for which the the number of MOs is typically much smaller than the number of AOs.

solver ci

Keywords related to solution of the CI equations

Note

These sections are relevant only if you have specified fci or casci in the method section.

Keywords

energy threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-6}\) (or 1.0d-6)

Energy convergence threshold, as measured with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

Note

The solvers will not check for the energy convergence, if the energy threshold is not set.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-6}\) (or 1.0d-6)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the CI equation. Optional

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the Davidson procedure. Optional.

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

start guess: [string]

Default: single determinant

Specifies start guesses for CI. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • single determinant Set a single element of the CI vector to one for every state. For the ground state it corresponds to the HF determinant.

  • random Gives random starting guess to the coefficient of the CI vector.

states: [integer]

Default: 1

Specifies the number of states to calculate. Optional.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of records for the CI vectors. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

solver cphf

Keywords related to solving the CPHF magnetic response equations go into the solver cphf section. The magnetic CPHF equations are only implemented for RHF and the only available magnetic property is the the nuclear shielding tensors.

Optional keywords

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: 50

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the Davidson procedure. Optional.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the response equation. Optional.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of solver subspace records. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

solver cpp

Keywords related to solving the complex polarization propagator coupled cluster equations go into the solver cpp section. Required for damped response calculations!

Optional keywords

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: 200

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the CPP procedure. Optional

residual minimization

Specifies that residual minimization should be used to solve the reduced space equations in the damped response solver. This procedure might in some cases improve convergence. Optional.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-11}\) (or 1.0d-11)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the excited state equation. Optional.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: disk

Selects storage of excited state records. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

solver fft

Keywords related to Fast Fourier transform (FFT) functionality for the time-dependent coupled cluster code. Below you find keywords that are valid in the two sections solver fft dipole moment and solver fft electric field.

Note

These sections are relevant only if you have specified fft dipole moment or fft electric field in the cc real time section.

Keywords

initial time: [real]

Specifies the start of the interval of interest in the time series file to Fourier transform. Required.

final time: [real]

Specifies the end of the interval of interest in the time series file to Fourier transform. Required.

time step: [real]

Specifies the time step between the data points in the time series file to Fourier transform. Required.

Warning

This must be equal to \(\text{time step} \times \text{steps between output}\) in the propagation section of the calculation that generated time series file.

padding initial time: [real]

Specifies the initial time that the time series will be padded from. Solver will use the value of the time series at initial time for every time step between padding initial time and initial time. Optional.

hann window

Modulates the time series (including potential padding) with a Hann function. Optional.

rectangular window

Modulates the time series (including potential padding) with a rectangular function. This is the default. Optional.

solver geometry optimization

Keywords related to the geometry optimization solver go in here.

Keywords

state: [integer]

Default: 0

Selects state to perform geometry optimization on. Optional. State: 0 corresponds to the ground state, 1 to the first excited state, and so on.

algorithm: [string]

Default: bfgs

Selects the solver to use. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • bfgs A Broyden-Fletcher-Goldberg-Shanno (BFGS) solver using redundant internal coordinates and a rational function (RF) level shift obtained from an augmented Hessian.

max step: [real]

Default: \(0.5\) (or 0.5d0)

Maximum accepted step length in \(L^{2}\)-norm. Rescales the step to the boundary otherwise. Optional.

energy threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-6}\) (or 1.0d-6)

Energy convergence threshold, as measured with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(3\times 10^{-4}\) (or 3.0d-4)

Threshold checking the absolute maximal value of the energy gradient with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

residual rms threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.2*10^{-4}\) (or 1.2d-4)

Threshold checking the root mean square of the energy gradient with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

displacement threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.2\times 10^{-4}\) (or 1.2d-4)

Threshold checking the maximal value of the absolute displacements of the atoms with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

displacement rms threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.2*10^{-4}\) (or 1.2d-4)

Threshold checking the root mean square of the displacements of the atoms with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

gradient method: [string]

Default: analytical

Selects the gradient method to use. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • analytical

  • forward difference

  • central difference

step size: [real]

Default: none

Selects the step size used when calculating numerical gradients.

Note

This keyword is only read when numerical gradients are used.

solver scf

Keywords related to the SCF solver go into the solver scf section. This section is optional. If it is not given, defaults will be used for all keywords.

Optional Keywords

algorithm: [string]

Default: scf-diis

Selects the solver to use.

Valid keyword values are:

  • scf-diis AO-based self-consistent Roothan-Hall algorithm with direct inversion of the iterative subspace (DIIS) acceleration.

  • scf Self-consistent Roothan-Hall algorithm.

  • mo-scf-diis MO-based self-consistent Roothan-Hall algorithm with DIIS acceleration. Recommended for multilevel Hartree-Fock (MLHF).

  • level-shift-newton-raphson MO-based second-order trust-region step-constrained optimization procedure.

energy threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-7}\) (or 1.0d-7)

Energy convergence threshold, as measured with respect to the previous iteration.

Note

The solvers will not check for the energy convergence, if the energy threshold is not set.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-7}\) (or 1.0d-7)

residual threshold \(\tau\). The equations have converged if \(\max \mathbf{G} < \tau\).

gradient response threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-7}\) (or 1.0d-7)

Gradient response threshold \(\tau\). The orbital relaxation equations needed to compute the CC level gradient have converged if \(\max \mathbf{G} < \tau\).

storage: [string]

Default: memory

Selects storage of DIIS records.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores DIIS records in memory.

  • disk Stores DIIS records on file.

write orbitals

Default: false

If specified, the *mo_coefficients.out file is created and copied to the working directory by eT_launch.

write molden

Default: false

If specified, a molden input file called *.molden is created and copied to the working directory by eT_launch.

crop

Default: false

If specified, the conjugate residual with optimal trial vectors (CROP) version of DIIS will be enabled.

cumulative fock threshold: [real]

Default: \(1.0\) (or 1.0d0)

When the gradient max-norm reaches this threshold, the Fock matrix is built using the difference in the density matrix relative to the previous iteration. When the max-norm exceeds the threshold, the Fock matrix is built directly using the current density matrix.

max iterations: [integer]

Default: \(100\)

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number.

diis dimension: [integer]

Default: \(8\)

Number of previous DIIS records to keep.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation.

skip

Default: false

If specified, orbitals will be read from file, the convergence of the gradient will be checked, but the rest of the SCF solver will be skipped.

Note

This is used to restart from eT v1.0.x, as the orbitals will not be flipped.

ao density guess: [string]

Default: sad

Which atomic orbital density matrix to use as start guess.

Valid keyword values are:

  • sad Use the superposition of atomic densities (SAD) guess. This is built on-the-fly by performing spherically averaged UHF calculations on each unique atom (and basis) in the specified molecular system.

  • core Use the density obtained by approximating the Fock matrix by its one-electron contribution and performing one Fock diagonalization.

coulomb threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-6}*(\text{residual threshold})\)

The threshold for neglecting Coulomb contributions to the two-electron part of the AO Fock matrix.

Default: \(\text{(coulomb threshold)}^2\)

The \(\epsilon\) value for Libint 2. Gives the precision in the electron repulsion integrals.

Note

Changes dynamically during Fock construction to give the required precision in the Fock matrix and not the integrals (small density contributions require less accuracy in the integrals).

Warning

The value does not guarantee the given precision. It is highly recommended to let the program handle the integral precision value.

exchange threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-4}*(\text{residual threshold})\)

The threshold for neglecting Exchange contributions to the two-electron part of the AO Fock matrix.

Note

Changes dynamically during Fock construction to give the required precision in the Fock matrix and not the integrals (small density contributions require less accuracy in the integrals).

Will be set equal to the coulomb threshold if the coulomb threshold is bigger than the exchange threshold.

Warning

The value does not guarantee the given precision. It is highly recommended to let the program handle the integral precision value.

coulomb exchange terms: [string]

Default: collective

Determines if the two-electron part of the Fock matrix (G(D)) is computed at once or if Coulomb and exchange contributions are calculated separately.

Valid keyword values are:

  • collective

  • separated

population analysis: [string]

Request calculation of population analysis and specify type of analysis.

Valid keyword values are: - mulliken - loewdin - all

rohf coupling parameters: [string]

Default: guest-saunders

Coupling parameters \(\vec{A}, \vec{B}\) for the ROHF orbitals, see for instance J. Chem. Phys. 125, 204110 (2006).

Valid keyword values are:

  • guest-saunders : \(\vec{A} = (1/2, 1/2, 1/2), \vec{B}=(1/2, 1/2, 1/2)\)

  • mcweeny-diercksen: \(\vec{A} = (1/3, 1/3, 2/3), \vec{B}=(2/3, 1/3, 1/3)\)

  • faegri-manne: \(\vec{A} = (1/2, 1, 1/2), \vec{B}=(1/2, 0, 1/2)\)

diabatize orbitals

Request diabatization of orbitals. This will try to make the current converged canonical orbitals as similar as possible as the previous orbitals stored on file. This is typically used with restart, where the goal is to make sure a consistent phase and ordering is maintained at different geometries.

solver tdhf es

Keywords related to solving the TDHF and TD-QED-HF equations go into the solver tdhf es section. Required to find TDHF excitation energies. Currently TDHF is only implemented for RHF.

Required keywords

singlet states: [integer]

Specifies the number of singlet excited states to calculate.

Optional keywords

energy threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Energy convergence threshold, as measured with respect to the previous iteration. Optional.

Note

The solvers will not check for the energy convergence, if the energy threshold is not set.

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: 50

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the Davidson procedure. Optional.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the excited state equation. Optional.

restart

Default: false

If specified, the solver will attempt to restart from a previous calculation. Optional.

storage: [string]

Default: memory

Selects storage of excited state records. Optional.

Valid keyword values are:

  • memory Stores records in memory.

  • disk Stores records on file.

tamm-dancoff

Default: false

Enables the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Optional.

solver tdhf response

Keywords related to solving the TDHF response equations go into the solver tdhf response section. Currently TDHF is only implemented for RHF and the only available response property is the polarizabilities (static and frequency-dependent).

Optional keywords

max iterations: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximum number of iterations. The solver stops if the number of iterations exceeds this number. Optional.

max reduced dimension: [integer]

Default: 100

The maximal dimension of the reduced space of the Davidson procedure. Optional.

residual threshold: [real]

Default: \(10^{-3}\) (or 1.0d-3)

Threshold of the \(L^{2}\)-norm of the residual vector of the response equation. Optional.

frequencies: [list of reals]

Default: None

Frequencies for frequency-dependent polarizabilities. Static polarizabilities are obtained either by specifying frequency zero, or by not giving this keyword. Optional.

print iterations

Default: false

Enables the printing of the iterations of the response solver. Optional.

system

In the system section of the input the charge and multiplicity of the system is given. Furthermore, the use of cartesian Gaussians may be specified in this section.

Optional keywords

charge: [integer]

Default: \(0\)

Specifies the charge of the system.

multiplicity: [integer]

Default: \(1\)

Specifies the spin multiplicity of the system.

cartesian gaussians

Enforce cartesian Gaussians basis functions for all atoms. Default for Pople basis sets.

pure gaussians

Enforce spherical Gaussian basis functions for all atoms. Default for all basis sets except Pople basis sets.

write orbitals

Write orbital coefficients to *mo_information.out files when the orbital coefficients change, e.g. when frozen hf or MLCC are used.

visualization

The visualization section is used for plotting orbitals and densities.

Keywords

file format: [string]

Default: plt

Specify format of the output files containing the grid data. Optional.

Valid options are:

  • plt

  • cube

grid buffer: [real]

Default: \(2.0\) (or 2.0d0)

Sets the distance between the edge of the grid (x, y, and z direction) and the molecule in Angstrom units. Optional.

grid max: {[real], [real], [real]}

Sets the maximum values of the grid in x, y and z direction in Angstrom. Optional.

Note

grid min is required if grid max is specified.

grid buffer is not used in this case.

grid min: {[real], [real], [real]}

Sets the minimum values of the grid in x, y and z direction in Angstrom. Optional.

Note

grid max is required if grid min is specified.

grid buffer is not used in this case.

grid spacing: [real]

Default: \(0.1\) (or 1.0d-1)

Sets the spacing between grid points for the visualization given in Angstrom units. Optional.

plot cc density

Plots the coupled cluster density. Optional.

Note

This keyword is only read if cc mean value or response is specified in the do section.

plot es densities

Plots the coupled cluster excited state densities for the states to plot. Optional.

Note

This keyword is only read if response is specified in the do section.

plot hf active density

Plots the active HF density in the case of a reduced space calculation. Optional.

Note

This keyword is only read if hf is specified in the frozen orbitals section.

plot hf density

Plots the HF density. Optional.

plot hf orbitals: {[integer], [integer], ...}

Plots the canonical orbitals given in the comma separated list. Optional.

plot transition densities

Plots the coupled cluster transition densities for the states to plot. Optional.

Note

This keyword is only read if response is specified in the do section.

states to plot: {[integer], [integer], ...}

List of integers specifying which densities should be plotted.

Note

By default the densities of the states specified in initial states from the response section are plotted.

plot cc orbitals: {[integer], [integer], ...}

Plots the orbitals given in the comma separated list from a CC wave function. Optional.

Note

This keyword is used to visualize the orbitals in MLCC or after freezing of orbitals.

plot dyson orbitals

Plots the coupled cluster dyson orbitals for the states to plot. Optional.

Note

This keyword is only read if response is specified in the do section and ionized states are requested.

plot ntos

Request plotting of NTOs for the states to plot. Optional.

plot cntos

Request plotting of CNTOs for the states to plot. Optional.

nto threshold: [real]

Determines the number of NTOs to be plotted. All NTOs will be plotted whose eigenvalues sum up to at least \(1-t\), where t is the given threshold. \(\sum_i e_i \geq 1 - t\)